Sorry I don't have more of these off the top of my head right now I'm about to pass out, but I'm feeling bad about the lack of positive feedback you got earlier. I did a bit of a search around pubmed, but then realized that the blogs are where it gets discussed and translated in way that might be helpful.
Grains: http://www.gnolls.org/2052/how-heart-healthy-whole-grains-make-us-fat/
Legumes: http://jdmoyer.com/2011/02/15/to-bean-or-not-to-bean-that-is-the-question-legumes-lectins-and-human-health/
Milk: I am completely agnostic about milk for kids so I don't have anything to offer there because I haven't look for it, sorry, as far as I'm concerned it is cheap nutrient dense calories covered by WIC, and most children don't develop problems with lactose until they are fully grown.
Could your class grow some pots of parsley, cilantro, dill, fennel, oregano, basil, etc? Super fresh herbs pack a mighty nutritional and flavor punch, and the kids could take some home. Potatoes, carrots, kale, chard, and collard greens are also super easy to grow, and might make fun homework projects to have each kid grow a few things to bring in for a potluck at the end of the quarter.
Why not have a nutrition movie night for the families and watch Fathead? I think it is a good starting place, and kinda shows how if you are going to eat fast food how to do it with minimal damage, and then gets into full on paleo and why veggie oil is up to no good near the end. Think baby steps here.
Maybe as a part of the movie night or during breaks or lunch at school the students could do a healthy snack fundraiser, and have a concession stand with foods you would like to see them eat.
If you or your students are in one of those food desert areas of the country you could check to see if there are any CSAs around where the students could volunteer or work after school.
It has a bit of CW saturated fat phobia and "healthy whole grains" propaganda in it, but other than that I thought Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution series was very inspiring, you could also do a screening of that, or assign it as homework to get the discussion rolling in the right direction.
I bet if you suggested Denise Minger's site (my apologies in advance to Denise for the comments you may receive) the teenage boys would be hanging on her every word, and might even learn a thing or two about statistics and how to dissect a study...not to be superficial, but she does seem to have that effect on people.
I apologize for not having come up with a direct answer sooner, but in my personal philosophy about teaching is that it is more important to teach kids how to think, rather than what to think, and the question came across more as wanting to push what you think. If you instill these kids with decent bs detector for food "science", maybe a "follow the money" game, they'll do okay.