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Okay, so science vs. pseudoscience is something I care passionately about, and I expect at least some PHers to feel similarly. (Or maybe not... lol.)

So here is my general gut instinct on how PH should handle pseudoscience: if you post a question about a book, belief, journal article, or practice that is backed up by bad science or pseudoscience, I expect everyone at PH to chip in and point that out. I don't care if your belief is pro-Paleo, pro-vegan, pro-religious, anti-religious, pro-low-carb, or pro-low-fat. Bad science is bad science.

One common question I've been asked, in response to my very verbose comments in some relevant threads, is "Why do you care? Why can't you just leave us alone to look for pro-Paleo evidence in the Bible? This thread is a valuable resource to me and other Christians."

And my response is: well, I care because you are doing one of several things: looking only for confirmatory evidence of conclusions you already hold; disregarding contradictory evidence; thinking sloppily; or generally espousing ideas that are overwhelmingly contradicted by the data. This is the kind of thinking that plagues much of the medical/scientific literature on nutrition already, and it has caused significant harm in the last several decades. I don't want to see PaleoHacks become a place where those habits are encouraged -- do you?

My general premise is that pseudoscience, bad science, and sloppy thinking are to be avoided. And not just avoided, but rather actively sought out, exposed, and thoroughly criticized (politely!). Look at how Mat Lalonde criticizes the sloppy thinking behind some commonly held beliefs in the Paleo community. That is an excellent critical thinker at work, and that is the kind of standard to which we should all aspire. When we see others falling prey to sloppy thinking, we should be quick to point that out, all the more so when their conclusions are similar to ours.

I think there are some confounding factors here that make a level-headed discussion of this issue difficult:

  • Some people cross the bounds of civility. Not cool.

  • Some people interpret legitimate criticism of bad science as being "offensive" and "not respectful" of other people's religious beliefs. I have a real problem with this. I don't think pseudoscience or bad science should be given a free pass just because it's in line with your religious beliefs. If you believe that humans are not the product of evolution, I think it's legitimate for me to say "you have no idea what you are talking about, scientifically speaking, and your conclusions are contradicted by overwhelming evidence." I am not being disrespectful of your religious beliefs (as long as I state my criticisms politely). I am pointing out that you are a bad scientist.

I don't presume to speak for PaleoHacks. So, here is my initial proposal, on which I would love to have some input:

  • Questions ABOUT pseudoscientific or allegedly pseudoscientific books, beliefs, and practices are fine (in my opinion). For example, I asked a question about oil pulling and someone pointed out that the reasoning behind oil pulling appeared to be pseudoscience (and I agreed).

  • Actively spreading bad science or pseudoscience in the answers or comments is something that should be downvoted and criticized. For example: if I say that oil pulling makes your teeth cleaner because it's homeopathic or relies on your golden flower nature or because some extra-scientific text supports it, you should rip my argument to shreds (politely).

  • If someone criticizes your position politely, and on scientific grounds, this is not "bashing someone's faith." It is being a good critical thinker. It is pointing out other people's bad science, pseudoscience, and sloppy thinking. I would criticize bad reasoning whether it came from a theist, an atheist, a vegan, a Paleo-eater, a homeopath, or a Nobel-winning scientist. Or even Stephan Guyenet.

  • If someone criticizes your position (on any grounds) but not politely, then by all means accuse that person of faith-bashing, slap him or her with warnings and suspensions, and so on.

What say you all? Does anybody else care? Should people who propagate bad science on PH be allowed their discussions in peace? Or should we go after them relentlessly but politely? Or something else altogether? I know how some of you think, but I'm interested in hearing more voices.

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Not Stephan Guyenet ! – Ikco Mar 29 2011 at 18:41
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@Kamal: thanks for your support. Basically I am asking people to (aspire to) think more like Stephan and less like (for example) the agenda-driven, bias-prone people over at 30BAD. I'm not sure why this is so controversial for so many people in this thread, as I am being accused of being "ideological" and "evangelizing" and "close-minded," and of claiming to have some kind of pretentious understanding of knowledge that allows me to pronounce what is valid evidence and what isn't. No. I'm just asking people to hold themselves & each other to high critical thinking standards, like Stephan. – JJ Mar 30 2011 at 17:27
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I'm afraid that most people may like thinking and discovering to some degree, but having a science-bent-mind means that you also like doubting your own answers, re-thinking, and re-discovering different, (and hopefully more accurate) versions of the truth. What I hope to work out within this online community is an ever evolving view of the world that is accurate enough to promote my own health and happiness... the rest of it is great intellectual play, but play none the less. – Adam Crafter Mar 30 2011 at 18:04
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@Jae -- I find your tone a little harsh for my tastes -- also, you are making a MASSIVE error in how you use words like science, pseudo-science, bad science etc etc -- "science" is a method (one that I favor), not a collection of knowledge (even though that is commonly accepted definition). The reason it cannot be the latter is that knowledge is fragile -- what is now unassailable to you in the Paleo world, may tomorrow be ridiculed. – Patrik Mar 30 2011 at 22:14
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Patrik: I'm arguing precisely that science is a method. – JJ Mar 30 2011 at 23:52
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closed as subjective and argumentative by Patrik♦♦ Mar 30 2011 at 3:19

12 Answers

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In the words of Jack Webb (Dragnet) - "Just the facts, Ma'am."

The point of paleo (to me) is to go where the science leads and make corrections as we go.

If someone wants to know about alkaline water or homeopathy, I would be quick to say - no effect better than placebo, and someone's making a lot of moola on those scams.

I know people who swear by ph water or homeopathy or magnets - which is to say the mind is a powerful tool. But the hard science has to rule here, even if we don't know what it is yet.

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I dont think paleo has all its facts out......The paleolithic period saw huge changes in it from its beginnings to its ends. That very often gets lost in many of the paleo sites and paleo books. – The Quilt Mar 29 2011 at 21:09
You are correct but we can be fairly confident in the general outlines of Paleo as a useful heuristic in thinking about nutrition. We should be less confident in the specifics, and good thinkers always are. – JJ Mar 29 2011 at 21:56
Absolutely! This is what is meant by science must rule, not fantasy. Is honey "paleo"? Yes. But I'm not eating it because I know the effects. Is dairy "paleo". No. But I have no problem with butter and cream. Is supplementing with D, magnesium and fish oil "paleo". Yet again, no. But the science (for now) supports it and so I supplement. And so on. All the time checking my personal results, keeping the good and discarding the bad or ineffective with a watchful eye on the science as it happens. – Dave S. Mar 30 2011 at 13:58
I find it disturbing that yours is the least-upvoted answer in this thread. Also, just to clarify: my comment above was meant as a response to Dr. K, not to your answer. – JJ Mar 30 2011 at 18:46
Well thanks! And I assumed your response was primarily to Dr. K - as was mine. I also think that Melissa is correct in that science tends to get hashed out here pretty well. I've been corrected on basic facts many times. – Dave S. Mar 31 2011 at 13:27
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As a site where people interested in Paleo can discuss and get information to better their lives, obviously scientifically respectable information is very valuable here. However there doesn't seem to me anything in the terms "paleo" or "primal" or even "evolutionary diet" that require anyone to accept science as the best or only way to think about this stuff, nor that they ought not also include things you might consider woo in their lives and decision making processes.

The suggestions you're making come across to me as being purely evangelical about your own ideology, and in some cases the way you have chosen to phrase things (eg - "the critical thinkers" implicitly only being those people who think the way you do) is flat out insulting. Now I don't particularly care about what your opinions of religions people are, nor even that you have your own ideology about the relative values of science and everything else. But the evangelical and conversion-oriented tone of your proposal here is a problem for me. I recall having seen that we've already had some mockery in threads about paganism or yoga. We really don't need any more of it; it's hostile and it helps no one.

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this this this! i find straight up crude scientism way more off putting than occasional dalliances in "woo" here on PH and it has nothing to do with religion. (i would consider myself an atheist and pretty friggin' into science.) IMHO, it's a worldview that is anti-life, anti-bodily wisdom, and, ultimately, anti-science. – amanda Mar 30 2011 at 1:48
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I am equally annoyed by what amanda calls "crude scientism." For example, I am open to the idea that oil pulling confers real benefits, although it is dismissed as pseudoscience by most self-described "skeptics." If I have any particular ideology I am "evangelizing" for, it is that I would like people to think critically, to be aware of their own inevitable cognitive biases (especially confirmation bias), and to carefully examine the quality of the evidence available to them. If you think this is a hostile ideology, then I don't know what to say to that. – JJ Mar 30 2011 at 17:01
i think we are on a pretty similar page with all this stuff, probably. my hackles just go up when i come across things here/in the paleosphere in general/in life that present a really reductionist view of science (not accusing you of that, btw) and privilege the Enlightenment gods of REASON! and EMPIRICISM! (all hail!) over every other mode of knowledge and inquiry. science is rad, but it isn't everything. – amanda Mar 30 2011 at 18:39
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Jae: Paleohacks is already one of the most well scientifically sourced open discussion sites on the subject of health and diet on the web. The minor presence of extra-scientific ways of thinking is not repressing the discussion capabilities of the many intelligent people here thinking in strictly scientific ways. But what your proposal is functionally about is giving people a justification to attack and marginalize every other way of thinking with the aim of pushing out everything that isn't just pure science, or IOW just what you value. That's what makes it hostile. – rook Mar 31 2011 at 1:08
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Sorry Jae, I just don't find that believable. You're asking for "it to be welcomed and expected" that whenever someone reasons in a way you don't like, PHers should "correct" them with reasoning you prefer. And you're already using intimidating language ("If you hold ...beliefs XYZ, you better be prepared...") in regard to the standard you want to hold people to ("actual scientific reasoning and not purely extra-scientific or pseudoscientific reasoning"). You've plainly communicated your intent to hamper any discussion which isn't purely empirical-scientific. – rook Apr 1 2011 at 23:42
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I think discussing these things is fine as long as they are in the context of healthy eating or some aspect of a healthy lifestyle (i.e. exercise, fitness, stress, etc).

But if you post something like: "I believe Jesus was probably Paleo even though he fed fish and bread to 5000 people. Do you believe that God wants us to be Paleo?", then you are off your rocker and the question should be immediately deleted.

But to Jae, I do not claim to believe in the 'science' that you claim is concrete. I also don't necessarily agree with the timeframes that scientists want to put on 'dating' objects, and that we can be certain that dinosaurs ruled the earth 65 million years ago. What if it was only 11 million years ago? That would put the scientists off base by a measly 54 million years. Whoopsie! That dinosaur deal is just a quick example. I know about radioactive and carbon dating. I know about layers of earth sediment, and redshift light theory, and the mathematical distances that our modern telescopes have measured. I am edumacated. But I have read some very reasoned and sound arguments against those things that make me, as a primarily rationally thinking person, question the integrity of those scientific ‘facts’. Some people believe VERY firmly that saturated fat is unhealthy to put into your mouth and intentionally swallow. Some highly qualified doctors, nutritionalists, and well respected medical professionals believe it even now as I type this, and they would defend their position as absolute FACT, undeniable based on this report or that study. And yet I disagree, and it would (and does) upset them when I do so.

So why do say all this? Because you claiming what is and isn't pseudoscience is not as clear as you make it seem. Really intelligent scientists disagree with some of your assertions, and have some solid scientific reasoning behind their stance, but are normally squashed in mainstream when they try to trumpet those viewpoints. Is that right? Is that fair? How can we know for sure if that is fair? Even that very question is subjective, and morally driven.

I normally don't like to mix in my personal beliefs too much with this stuff, which is why I usually just take a outside viewpoint and analyze the situation almost as a third person looking in. That's the reason why threads that discuss personal religious beliefs and such get shut down. Because even the comments I am making here will likely awaken emotion within people and be taken as an attack on their beliefs, surely not my intention. It may also make people really not like me anymore, also not quite what I'm after.

So there you have it. This is why Melissa (and others, of course) are quick to head off these discussions if they fall outside the context of Paleo health and become too emotionally charged for people, especially when comments are made that disresepctfully attack the core beliefs of others, even if it’s not the commenter’s real intention.

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Hey, Jae. I'm confident that your understanding of evolution is mistaken. – Ben Mar 29 2011 at 20:14
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Ben's comment above perfectly proves my point (and I'd wager a fair sum that's why he wrote it). He truly believes that your understanding of evolution is incorrect, just as you said about his. does this make either of you a complete idiot, psychologically unbalanced, foaming at the mouth and fit for an insane asylum? nope. – Jack Kronk Mar 29 2011 at 20:21
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@Jae. You're right. I don't believe humans came into being via evolution. That doesn't mean I don't believe we have evolved, or are continuing to do so. The problem, Jae, is that you have decided my views for me, based on little interaction. We BARELY spoke about my evolutionary views. For all you know, I could have cold hard facts to back up my views, but it seems that the stigma of my religion has made you careless. Please leave me out of your reasoning behind this proposal. – Ben Mar 29 2011 at 20:21
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This is an epic fail thread no? The site is meant for free discourse. If youre a moron you will be left in the dark like Darwin says. Life has a way of settling the score. Arguing about it seems pointless. Just put it out there and let people hack it. – The Quilt Mar 29 2011 at 21:07
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Ben- just one thing. When you said that Jae was being too objective, I wholeheartedly disagree with that mentality. Being objective is not being a heartless robot or an overly demanding nit. In behavioral econ terms, it is simply fully aligning your actions with your preferences. In logic/philosophic terms, it just means supporting your argument. Either way, being objective is great (and not necessarily synonymous with Objectivism!) – Kamal Mar 30 2011 at 3:05
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Unfortunately this is the internet, most of us are anonymous, we don't have to pass any exam to answer questions on here. Whilst it stays this way both the questions and the answers will have to be allowed to fluctuate between the realms of pseudo-science and more sensible stuff.

Personally I don't trust anyone on here and am weary of everything, like if someone has a "Dr" infront of their name. But there is interesting stuff to be found here too.

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Slightly aside, I personally think here should be some filter for localized questions, I am just not interested in finding grass fed beef in North Carolina, no insult intended... – oliverh Mar 29 2011 at 20:42
Also, "hack my diet"; another forum for that... – oliverh Mar 29 2011 at 20:42
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The big problem here is what is it that you call "pseudo science". Of course, I agree with you that the logic should not be flawed, as in the case of someone looking just for confirmatory evidence, etc. Anyway, there may be some scientists here at PH but most people are not scientists, and even scientists often disagree with each other. So if you reject any view that does not have a strong, solid scientific proof most people would be unable to participate. Moreover there are a number of issues that are very much relevant, nevertheless are not appropiate for a scientific debate, for instance, "how do you like a certain meat" or "did anybody lose this much weight eating potatoes" (personal experience, hard to translate into real science). Both scientific issues and personal experiences are reasonable issues at PaleoHack.

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This is where "meta" comes in, and levels of intelligence. Some people can tell the difference between good and bad science even if they aren't specialists in a given field. Others are reliant on others to interpret not just raw data, but the overall meaning of it all and other such "big pictures". This is where it helps to be able to explain in clear and relatively simple language, for instance, why you choose to place credence in certain studies and not in others. – damaged justice Mar 29 2011 at 22:43
Excellent comment Ignacio. – Thumper Mar 29 2011 at 22:46
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I've actually never seen this be a problem. I thought that the thread about Body By God was pretty decent and there were many skeptical voices. However, I will delete answers that do that answer the question or that are rude (up to my discretion). I realize that many people on the internet do not know what is rude and not rude. It differs between cultures, but there are many diplomatic skeptical voices out there that I do not delete.

Overall, I've found that woo mongers here don't last very long. People downvote them and voice skepticism. They realize that this is not the sort of place that tolerates crap.

That said, I believe that these sort of question are off topic (Body by God is not a paleo book) and not something that can be hacked as I explain here and will solve us all a lot of problems by closing them. Religion and paleo is an interesting topic, but one that does not do well on this site because it's outside our scope.

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I'm willing to entertain the idea that the only person who really cares about this issue is me (and maybe Kamal). We'll see what the votes look like. – JJ Mar 29 2011 at 18:35
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As for the BBG discussion, I thought your answer was good but nobody really got to the heart of the matter, which is basically that BBG seems to have conclusions that coincide mostly with Paleo, and that's great, but there is a serious issue of how the author arrived at those conclusions. Just because something agrees with basic Paleo ideas doesn't make it a reliable source of information. – JJ Mar 29 2011 at 18:37
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well it's simply not a paleo book, it's a coincidence that it's like paleo. This is paleohacks not randomdietthatskindalikepaleohacks – Bread-Eating Beelzebub Mar 29 2011 at 18:39
True. As for the other major thread, the top-voted answer is a great example of confirmation bias and ignoring contradictory evidence, and the author of that comment admitted as much in her comments. So I'd have to disagree that it's "never" been a problem on PH although I concede that the level of concern I have may be disproportionate. – JJ Mar 29 2011 at 18:49
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There is a fine line at play here. Some "alternative" healing practices may have biological plausability behind them that relate to paleo/indigenous practices, but no research dollars to find that plausability. Other things, I cannot even imagine a biological plausability for. The key here is as you said Jae--confirmation bias. Asking if something is confirmed by paleo that does not have a basis in logic is asking for trouble. Homeopathy, in my estimation, is bullshit. And in certain hacks, people have said so. But it shouldn't get nailed more than other beliefs, just from lack of adoption. – Kamal Mar 30 2011 at 2:45
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Well (and this relates to my last posting), "just the facts" will only get you so far in the paleosphere. For example, "ketosis is bad for you"....fact or not? It seems to be up for debate, according to which expert/blogger one is reading. Or this: "You should/shouldn't consume dairy on a paleo diet." Again, it's up to individual schools of thought or even individual people and their own n=1 results. So to suggest that there is some kind of scientific acid test for every piece of information that passes our threshold here seems like a difficult argument to maintain, once we get even a little bit into the particulars.

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N=1 is a special situation. It's definitely not scientific, but you can't really argue with it either. If someone feels better doing or not doing something, that's the bottom line for them. But you can't generalize from it. Like with epidemiology, you can only hypothesize. On the other hand, if you find yourself to be an exception to something that is taken as always true, then N=1 is significant, and defeats the argument. – Ambimorph Mar 29 2011 at 20:15
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Ugh. I'm hesitant to say what I think, here Jae, especially since our discussion is probably largely behind this proposal. It will probably get me down votes, but that's OK.

I can't not include a reconciliation of my religion into the Paleo lifestyle. To me, my religion is more important than nutrition, or living paleo.

Personally, I see enough parallels between the Bible and Christianity to reconcile my beliefs. I have an evolutionary creationist viewpoint backed by the long-day and canopy theories.

Having said those things, I don't understand (and correct me here...) who is qualified to call what I think, "pseudoscience" (a pejorative term in our context-I think)?

"If you hold religious beliefs XYZ, and you want to discuss whether or not they are consistent with Paleo, you better be prepared to offer up some actual scientific reasoning and not purely extra-scientific or pseudoscientific reasoning for those beliefs"...How can you decide? Are you saying that there should be a canonical requirement for posting? i.e. 'You must think x,y, and z to post on PH, otherwise you will be relentlessly corrected by those who have a better view than yours.' How's that?

It's up to the moderators and Patrik, and it's an interesting proposal, for sure, but I think it's slightly pretentious and closed-minded.

End Opinion

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Start your own blog then. It would be plenty interesting. – Bread-Eating Beelzebub Mar 29 2011 at 21:27
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You don't have to think any particular thing to post on PH. You just need to be able to provide reasons that come from evidence that everyone can accept, not just people who hold the same religious beliefs as you do. – JJ Mar 29 2011 at 21:58
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@Jae- I see. Who decides evidence is valid? We can't even all agree on things like dairy, there is no such thing as evidence everyone can accept. – Ben Mar 29 2011 at 22:06
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To respect diversity I do agree that we should not try to convert paleo into some uniform form of thinking, that would say what can or what can not be thought. Perhaps discussing religion and paleo is relevant here, perhaps it is not, but one way or another no one should claim that anybody else religious or philosophical views are "psuedoscience". – Philosopher Mar 29 2011 at 23:29
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@Ignacio: I'm all for respecting diversity. However, I'm not in favor of using "respect diversity" as a cover for "all viewpoints have equal scientific merit," which is absurd. There are an infinite number of religious AND non-religious views that are less than logical. I have no problem with religious views per se. You are confusing the issue. I have a problem with bad reasoning wherever it occurs -- among scientists and laypeople, among religious and non-religious people. I'm not trying to dictate "what can be thought." I'm advocating for sound reasoning and good evidence. – JJ Mar 30 2011 at 16:11
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I don't subscribe to any sort of mysticism, but if one considers anecdotal evidence to be pseudoscience, then I would have to say that earnest anecodotes can be just as valid, if not more valid, than a peer-reviewed scientific study funded by a pharmaceutical company. We all love to fling scientific papers around, but I remain just as skeptical of those as of "I do this and this is the result."

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excellent point - we all have to be active critical thinkers! – Thumper Mar 29 2011 at 22:54
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What is science? Here is a great site: http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/science-definition.html

I am an environmental scientist by education and by trade. So, science (and the scientific method) is near and dear to me. I have been taught to question everything around me. And I really LOVE this site, because it combines a wealth of scientific knowledge as well as plenty of human knowledge (n=1).

I can find all the scientific papers I want (and you can find a paper to back up any viewpoint out there). Many have great information, many don't. I find that a lot of academics and high-level scientist have lost their ability to really truly impart their knowledge to the regular person, which to me is an epic failure - I digress...

I want to know what works for the regular paleo people out there and how they adapt to situtations. I guess I want to know more of the human side of paleo rather than the science.

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I totally agree: I love scientific and even philosophical discussions, but often there is nothing as interesting as a good personal story! – Philosopher Mar 29 2011 at 23:22
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I agree, as long as more fundamentally, it's the bad logic that should be teased out. Science or pseudoscience, a lot of scientific results and claims can end up working really well for a lot of people, and produce results that people can point to, but the apparent verifications don't necessarily demonstrate the hypothesis. You know, "if this, then that. That, therefore this." A lot of that gets thrown around unchecked (not necessarily here, just in general on the Interwebs). Unfortunately, empiricism/observation is inherently problematic, for logically establishing a law or principle, even with large amounts of verifications. It's the question of the reliability of the senses, falsifications and black swans, and all that.

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I think I agree with everything you say but your answer is hard to make sense of. – JJ Mar 29 2011 at 18:53
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As That Woman said: "There are no contradictions. If you think you see a contradiction - check your premises." Now some folks (often the most vocal and socially unpleasant) apparently believe that one drop of religious thinking taints a person's entire worldview seemingly so far as to render them "not paleo"...and then there's folks like Richard Nikoley, whose rampant invective rather put me off until he graciously defended Jimmy Moore's "Christianity versus paleo" thread, and made the distinction in his own comments between cult and culture.

Dishonesty is the fundamental issue. Bad logic, bad science, etc., are dishonest. While the voting process to some extent perpetuates its own groupthink and conventional wisdom, it's in the actual discussion -- when discussion actually takes place -- where we all come a little closer to the truth.

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Only tangentially relevant, but an absolutely hilarious comment from that FTA thread: "Perhaps I put too much faith in people’s reasoning abilities." – damaged justice Mar 29 2011 at 18:48

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