Sorry to find this conversation so late. I'm one of the authors of the upcoming book The Spartan Diet, and the blog mentioned at the beginning of this post.
I would be happy to answer any questions you have. In the meantime, let me address a few of the questions raised here:
The Spartan Diet is not a re-creation of the diet of ancient Spartans. It's informed by their diet, and also by the ancient Greek diet, but includes superfoods from around the world. Above all, we learn all kinds of specific lessons the Spartan culture has to teach us about moderation, physical training and many, many others, all of which are detailed in the book.
We love the Paleo diet, and the Spartan Diet shares many of the principles of it, including the elimination of what Paleo fans call "processed foods" and what we call "industrial foods," elimination of sugar, deep-fried foods and many other thing like that.
The Spartan Diet differs from the Paleo in two very big ways, and in many very small ways having to do with food preparation, mostly -- the Spartan Diet, for example, is very big on fermented foods and is far more detailed on sophisticated (but easy) methods for healthy food production.
The big ways are over meat and grains. Most Paleo diet fans eat beef, as well as chicken. We regard these as industrialized species selectively bred for passivity and obesity, and they're not on the Spartan Diet. All animal flesh on the Spartan Diet is wild fish and wild game. We also think most Paleo fans get far too much protein from meat and far too little from plant sources.
The second big divergence is over grains, which are welcome on the Spartan Diet in fermented form. You'll note that nearly all the evidence in the Paleo literature against grains comes from the beginning of civilization (early farmers were short and sick) and the end of civilization (industrial revolution and the current obesity/diabetes epidemics). Between these extremes traditional cultures all over the world fermented (and many still ferment) their grains through "sourdough" bread processes, and with liquid ferments. Fermentation nearly eliminates antinutrients, and radically increases the bio-availability of nutrients in grains, and even produces new nutrients.
Paleo fans who want to take their health to the next level will be able to "Spartanize" their Paleo diet to take it to the next level. Grains are not required, and Paleo fans who oppose grains can skip them. No big deal. The most important thing is to stop eating industrial meats, and prepare foods using the extensive list of Spartan Diet principles and cooking methods for maximum health.