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  1. Sex is a favored way to make babies.

  2. There is some interplay between reproduction, repair, and longetivity. In fact, worms live much longer when food is scarce and they put a hold on reproducing. And typically, what applies to worms applies equally well to humans. The book "Lights Out: Sleep Sugar and Survival" briefly discusses the hormones involved in some of this.

  3. Arguing against sex is frowned upon. If a teenager Asks Alice about ejaculation frequency, she will always reply "Good for you! No go and masturbate as much as you can!" But really, we have many more stimuli for sex now adays (more people around, the birth of internet porn, etc) and birth control enables us to have sex with our partners all the time, all year round.

  4. So...any insight here? Humans want to procreate, and procreation is intricately tied with hormones that regulate lifespan. I'm not asking Alice, because she'll just want me to ejaculate as much as possible. I'm also not looking for sex advice--no theoretical musings will limit how much sex I want to have. I'm just wondering if anyone has seen evidence on sex and longetivity that doesn't list those foofoo advantages from stress reduction and stuff. Yeah, people who have enough sex live longer, but the confounders are too...confounding. Science please.

Note: I'm also considering the possibility that we don't have ENOUGH sex now adays, on average. Low libidos for varying reasons, inability to find a partner, or whatever.

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someone somewhere must have studied this using people who have taken vows of celibacy (for what its worth) against general population, no? – being Apr 19 2011 at 2:05
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yeah, i know. but googling anything to do with "sex" and "study" guarantees you maximum porn, possibly involving schoolgirl outfits. – Kamal Apr 19 2011 at 2:09
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I am always perplexed by studies that equate sex with longevity - especially in women, because often when these studies are quoted in the mainstream press or summarized in an abstract there is no distinction between women having sex ... and having orgasms, which while potentially related still amounts to quite a distinction to many women, I'd wager. – familygrokumentarian Apr 19 2011 at 18:01
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I think the only answer to this will be via rigorous testing. I'm volunteering for the non-control, high-frequency-sex group, but I suppose it's better if it's randomized. – JJ Apr 26 2011 at 15:30
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I think I might live forever. – ROB Sep 5 2011 at 4:17
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18 Answers

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It actually lengthens it......if a man has 100 orgasms a year he can add ten yrs to his life. If a women has 50 I beleive she adds 7 years to hers. I believe this is was published in one of Dr Roizen's books out of the Cleveland Clinic (Real Age Makeover I think) and it is based upon the release of oxytocin and its effect on melatonin/prolactin and its effects on PPAR gamma and energy metabolism. So I think having sex makes you live longer not shorter.

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That can't be the whole story Dr. K. This is one of those areas where you can't exactly do a randomized trial. Thus, the data is heavily confounded in any cohort study. And there's more hormones involved than the three you listed, I suspect. So I remain curious about the issue...do horny animals live longer? – Kamal Apr 19 2011 at 2:07
fyi...upvoting to reverse anonymous downvote – Kamal Apr 19 2011 at 2:12
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its true......humans who are married have longer telomeres than single ones. Sexual activitity stimulates energy production at the PPAR gamma hub. this is where hormones and energy metabolism collide. We also have definitive proof now that men with the hgihest rates of cardiac death also have the lowest levels of testosterone and women with the lowest rate of estrogen and testosterone suffer the same fates. they also suffer from higher rates of replicative senescense too. You can google it to see I am correct. Have sex and prosper with a longer life. When sex steroid hormones drop our – The Quilt Apr 19 2011 at 2:21
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Lots of things stimulate PPAR gamma, and marriage involves many counfounders. Lonely single folk have more reasons than just less sex to live shorter. The issue at hand is, "Does LOTS of sex reduce lifespan", not "Does sex reduce lifespan". – Kamal Apr 19 2011 at 2:28
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Dose-response. There's got to be an upper limit...no basic human action is without an upper limit. Sunlight and skin cancer, food and obesity. – Kamal Apr 19 2011 at 3:30
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I think you are going to find actual sex has less of an effect than the levels of sex hormones because human culture is so weird. There is ample evidence that men with very high testosterone levels die earlier, though there are some confounding factors there since that hormone is linked to aggressiveness and recklessness. However, often high-testosterone men, unlike high-testosterone gorillas, don't have much sex because they are a marginalized population in modern society, since they are not very good at keeping jobs and many are imprisoned. Prison inmates have high testosterone levels. Even women can struggle with high testosterone, but there is evidence that high levels of any sex hormone like estrogen can be bad for you.

Also, the people having the most sex in our society are not often the ones reproducing at the highest rate. I'm quite certain that having babbies can be exhausting to the female body. I'm not sure about semen and men, there is some evidence that masturbation semen prevents prostate cancer. It's true that Taoists say that it exhausts the body and mind, but most religions say that. It DOES supposedly increase testosterone though, which might be good for some men and bad for others.

Interestingly, though we associate cavemen with masculinity, hunter-gatherer men generally have lower levels of testosterone than American men.

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Yes, very complicated. For example, all the men in my family have extremely high testosterone and are meek and balding (I guess too much DHT). Our overly-aggressive men have a disadvantage though--they wouldn't use that energy to hunt and collect a wealth of food like their forefathers would. – Kamal Apr 19 2011 at 2:21
interesting read on testosterone and behaviour: api.ning.com/files/GwMb9JWtK5LLEsVPRR6aOL7rPvfn*4jfzxYWQO68BmUAiYB*FG-p9RoLdl0sfL*HlgyRnp8NJOlmwYBtZwnsq6fzFOxdj7gX/SapolskyTheTroublewithTestosterone.pdf – Pieter D Apr 19 2011 at 14:54
IIRC being depleted of zinc in general also prevents and slows the growth of prostate cancer. – David Moss Jul 15 2011 at 21:09
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You probably know that certain schools of Taoist sexuality hold that retention of semen is important to male longevity and health. Now some of these schools opt for celibacy and other for practicing a form of coitus reservatus. Of course, as far as I know, we have no scientific findings to support such a notion.

[TMI WARNING]

I practice coitus reservatus just to prolong sexual, however, I also notice that at my age when I do ejaculate, it sort of depletes me of energy.

By the way Kamal, you look a lot like Audrey Tautou!

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yes, there is a book on the subject I read called Cupid's Poison Arrow. It's quite interesting. – Bread-Eating Beelzebub Apr 19 2011 at 2:10
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Thomas-- I do look a lot like Audrey Tautou, avatar-wise. In real life, I'm the opposite--a bespectacled Indian man. – Kamal Apr 19 2011 at 2:14
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i have read that book Melissa......was used as a Freudian sex therapy to keep divorces low in the the 50's. Point was non orgasmic sex if I am not mistaken......Karmezza I think was the name. – The Quilt Apr 19 2011 at 2:27
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Hrm. Traditional taoist recommendations for health include some basic common sense practices (move around a lot, breathe from your belly and you'll feel better) and some... not so much. (Ingesting mercury and salts of arsenic will make you immortal!) Grains of salt (of the non-arsenic variety) should be in abundance here. – Lareth Apr 19 2011 at 14:32
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"Karezza" was the name. They always say that's an Italian name but the Italian is "carezza". Kamal, don't get worried. I was just joking. I already figured out you were a man. I don't even like Audrey Tautou as an actress :) – Thomas Seay Apr 19 2011 at 14:35
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Humans are made to have sex all the time, no matter season or partner's ovulation. It's a pretty good exercise, HIIT in a way ;-). All the hormones that are released are beneficial to our health, looks and satisfaction. It helps in relaxation, creates intimacy (and we know that social relations are crucial for human survival),

I think for us today sex is a source of stress more than all the positive things. We have to fit it into schedule, we are stressed that we wouldn't get enough sleep, we have too much worries on our mind, too much self-esteem issues and ridiculous expectations. Cortisol should have no room in intimate relations, but modern life is cruel.

I remember reading about more traditional sleep styles, where people were sleeping often in 4-5h blocks with 1-2h break, when people either just lied in semi-sleepy, drifty, relaxing stage, or often engaged in sex, with no pressure, no stress.

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Good point-- I didn't consider that the traditional timing of sex differs significantly from our own. Rigid day structures suck. But still...maybe we're meant to have sex all the time and produce lots of babies, but it could shorten our lifespan all the same. Eating a lot of sugary fruit is a metaphor for having lots of sex, but I can't think of a cogent way to put it. – Kamal Apr 19 2011 at 3:00
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I think it's more about males who have stronger instinct to spread the genes around, but still - women are made with very strong need to have sex not only when they are not fertile, but even during pregnancy or even after menopause. Which means, there must be a useful, positive element in it. I think building relationship is part of it - social aspects are crucial for humans. I think there is a reason why sex often is the only fun available to many... the only sure activity bringing strong satisfaction. Just think of long winters with twelve hours of night! I am quite sure the sexual activity – Yoannah_offca Apr 19 2011 at 3:26
[continued] differed depending on season, satiety, temperature, etc. – Yoannah_offca Apr 19 2011 at 3:27
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what a glorious shortened lifespan...!

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is that through celibacy, or promiscuity? – DudleyP Apr 19 2011 at 7:49
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a celibate lifespan would not be that glorious... DUH. but some people's idea of promiscuity is warped as well. hooray fundamentalist christians. – dsohei Apr 21 2011 at 1:23
It might not be glorious for -you-, but speaking as someone who's borderline asexual, some of us are doing just fine without sex, thanks. Different strokes for different folks, boys and girls. – Gingernaut Sep 5 2011 at 11:57
i often wonder how much of sexual preference is influenced by health instead of conscious choices. – dsohei Oct 3 2011 at 0:07
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I don't know about frequency of sex as it relates to lifespan, but evolutionary biologist Michael Rose found that he could extend the lifespan of fruit flies by postponing the age at which they reproduce.

When I first read about this, I instantly thought of the strange (strange to me, someone who matured quite early) Western push to extend childhood well into late adolescence, especially prohibitions on sexual behavior/marriage. At sixteen, both I and my girlfriends were quite biologically ready for sex, and I'm certain that almost any earlier or non-Western culture would have considered us perfectly marriageable, just based on physical maturity; perhaps even a little past the prime age.

It's a stretch, but I wonder if somehow we've instinctively grasped that postponing reproduction is better for longevity. I have no idea at all how we would intuitively grasp that, but, well...it's a thought, anyway. ;/

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My answer is "WHO CARES!? YOU ARE HAVING SEX!" I mean, really. I'm not a Grok re-enactor or anything, but frequency of copulation, along with frequency of quality feed, resulting in increased number of offspring - would have been a very Paleo "sign of success".

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curiosity --> hack – Kamal Apr 19 2011 at 4:00
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hack ≠ real world implications, necessarily – Kamal Apr 19 2011 at 4:01
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I agree and let's not forget that sex was not JUST for reproduction, it was a form of social bonding among the group. Monogamy is a relatively new development. – Thomas Seay Apr 19 2011 at 14:44
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I actually thought this was a very interesting and thought provoking question, as always, from Kamal. – Carly Apr 19 2011 at 15:21
I always like the "monogamish" description that Dan Savage uses- my psych profs referenced in often in my Psychology of Sexuality class. We have long been mostly, but not entirely, monogamous throughout our evolution. – JeJ Feb 25 2012 at 2:54
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Maybe another factor to be considered is how you define 'sex'. Is this being purely limited to the act of intercourse itself or the wider definition?

Having sex can be as wide-ranging as simply kissing, cuddling, or massaging your partner, a candle-lit room, pleasant scents, or performing other intimate acts. Those acts all have a positive influence on the body by de-stressing, reducing tension, relaxing muscles and so on. Those factors are often likely to be as beneficial in the long term.

I'm not suggesting that you need to be in a long-term, monogamous relationship for this but a bit of tenderness goes a long way sometimes rather than just focussing on the reproductive act.

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I cannot disagree enough that simply kissing and cuddling is having sex. It's a form of bonding, sure. Stimulating the happy euphoric hormones, sure. But not it's not sex. – PinkPika Sep 21 2011 at 15:44
Is it sex if you touch genitals during the cuddling? – Tikivana Jan 17 2012 at 6:41
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You mentioned worms living longer when they ate less and did not reproduce as much. I would say the extended lifespan was not due to decreased reproduction but the decreased caloric intake. Decreased sex seems like an effect - if calorically restricted worms and humans would default to repair mode and quit wasting energy on gametes.

I'm open to a looking over a study done specifically on limiting reproduction in humans and its effects, but from a simple biological point of view, reining onesself in doesn't make much sense.

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I would think that if there was a natural meaning to life; it would be to pass on your most desirable traits to the next generation. So wouldn't that mean your body would be geared to procreate as much as possible for as long as possible to ensure that your best traits are paired with the best traits of a multitude of partners.

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Maybe. But if there is at all a trade-off between repair (via fasting) and procreation (correlated with feasting), mucho sex is not optimal for lifespan. – Kamal Apr 19 2011 at 2:31
this argument doesn't support longevity, just spread your genes to as many partners as possible before you die... let's say before 35 ;-) – Yoannah_offca Apr 19 2011 at 2:57
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I don't see how frequency of sex could possibly make any different to a woman. We're only fertile for 24 hours per month, and the changes our bodies go through before and after ovulation happens regardless of whether we're having sex at all.

Men, on the other hand... if ejaculation and sperm production is a strain on the body, they are in trouble. Maybe that's why they live 5 years less than women on average. ;)

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We have examples in monks. Did Catholic monks who practiced celibacy live longer? How about Buddhist monks?

There has to be some study on the longevity of those who practiced celibacy. In Buddhist monks, we would have both celibate and vegetarian lifestyles.

Unfortunately, such people also lived "clean" and they probably lived longer than their non-celibate counterparts.

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Actually, this may not be terribly relevant since attaining longevity by delaying mating would really apply to females (biological changes from being pregnant). Males may be sexual or asexual but will not undergo any discernible physical change. So perhaps we should be looking at NUNs, not Monks. Do nuns live longer? I'm almost certain they do. I've met some very old nuns in my life. Is it partly becuz of the biological mechanism which promotes longevity so they get to procreate at least once? Seems possible. – Namby Pamby Sep 5 2011 at 5:38
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On the other hand, those who had a whole gaggle of children tend to expire rather quickly. Part of that has to do with the rigors of giving birth to that many children. But one possibility is just the biological "will to live" just being shut down after that many children. You've done the job as far as passing your genes over to the next generation is concerned. – Namby Pamby Sep 5 2011 at 5:40
Do nuns abstain from masturbation (presumably a source of orgasms and sexual stimulation)? We will never know....but I think we can hazard a few guesses. – JeJ Feb 25 2012 at 2:55
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Yes. I guess so.

I think the primary reason why having sex shortens lifespan is because sex is strenuous. As a man, I feel very, very tired after having an orgasm. I also become irritable and less stable after.

There is also this flood of 'hormones' that we get when we seek new partners. They also add more stress to our body. Also leaving our sex partner creates another stress point.

I believe that the best factor for longevity is homeostasis (balance). All this hormones creates imbalance that affect our health.

Someone said something about (happily) married couples living longer. I have research that too and its found that these kind of couples actually engage sex in lesser frequency than promiscuous people. Instead they engage more in bonding behaviors (cuddling, touching, kissing, etc.). While sex give us the high and intense pleasure, bonding behaviors are relaxing and gives us sense of safety and satisfaction. Bonding behaviors (from our loved ones) is also related to many health benefits like faster healing, stronger immunity to disease, resistance to stress, and others.

But then it is found that separated/divorced/unhappy couples are 3x likely to die.

Maybe a means to live longer is to have a loving partner and engage with lots of bonding behavior with him/her and avoid disharmony.

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So, skip the orgasm if it makes you weak and tired. Just don't give up the sex and bonding activities! – Tikivana Apr 22 2012 at 20:51
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Pretty sure you're doing it wrong if it shortens your lifespan :)

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Frequent ejaculation offers some protection against prostate cancer:

Leitzmann MF, Platz EA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Giovannucci E (April 2004). "Ejaculation frequency and subsequent risk of prostate cancer". JAMA 291 (13): 1578–86.

Giles GG, Severi G, English DR, McCredie MR, Borland R, Boyle P, Hopper JL (August 2003). "Sexual factors and prostate cancer". BJU Int. 92 (3): 211–6.

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There are other studies on this subject as well, but I seem to recall that although large numbers of men were involved over several years, the vast majority of them were white and middle-aged. So although encouraging (from several aspects) further work needs to be done. – OldBear Apr 20 2011 at 9:51
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STDs? or is it STIs now...?

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Has anyone read Sharon Moalem's Survival of the Sickest? He goes into detail about STDs and their relationship with human evolution. – Grace Apr 22 2012 at 17:53
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If having lots of sex shortens lifespan.....may I die young and with a smile on my face!

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I do believe that having lot of sex do shorten once lifespan since the level of energy lost is to high compared to energy gain. The body needs energy to produce now red blood cells(Average lifespan of 120 days ) to replace worn-out red blood cells ,so with this energy used on sex practiced the level of red blood cells will reduced and hence shortage in blood leading to quick dead.

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