Dude, I totally feel your pain. Don't you just love how it comes in waves? It can get so bad that it actually feels good to vomit. At least then the spasms stop for a few seconds.
Having had several kidney stones myself (my first one at 18--missed high school graduation because of it), I've learned a few things about them and how to prevent them.
First, did you have your stone analyzed? There are two common types (and several other, less common ones), which are uric acid and oxalate stones. Oxalate is by far the most common, with uric acid stones coming in second place. Uric acid stones are generally caused by high protein intake (what your mom described), but with what you're describing as your recent menu, I'd bet it was an oxalate stone.
Calcium oxalate is a weird beast--these actually form not just from eating foods high in oxalates (spinach, beets, etc), but from chronic low-level dehydration, low dietary calcium intake, and overdoing it on sodium.
From Wikipedia:
High intakes of dietary calcium do not appear to cause kidney stones and may actually protect against their development.[5][7] This is perhaps related to the role of calcium in binding ingested oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract. As the amount of calcium intake decreases, the amount of oxalate available for absorption into the bloodstream increases; this oxalate is then excreted in greater amounts into the urine by the kidneys.
So, while it may seem counterintuitive, not having enough calcium in your diet can actually be the leading cause of oxalate stones. Couple that with mild dehydration (insufficient water intake or drinking diuretic beverages like soda, coffee and tea all day which increase urine output) and there you go.
Now, a lot of sources advise against taking calcium supplements if one is prone to stones. What they fail to mention is the type of supplements which should be avoided. The cheapest and easiest to obtain is calcium carbonate. That is also the least bioavailable form of calcium. In short, it sucks, don't take it. However, there is another, much better form of calcium, called citrate, plus the citrate actually competes with the oxalate in your bloodstream:
Citrate provides protection against oxalate and calcium oxalate crystal induced oxidative damage to renal epithelium
Other very important minerals are potassium and magnesium. If you're on Paleo you should be getting plenty of both from natural food sources. If not, I would recommend that you supplement
Another thing urologists fail to mention to kidney stone sufferers is elevated acidity throughout the body, caused by grains and sugars. Acidity will leech calcium from your bones and teeth (aka calcium), which can also lead to low calcium levels in the bloodstream. Which in turn increases the levels of oxalates in the urine (because remember, calcium and oxalates bind together in the gut).
So unless you want a repeat experience, my advice to you is--
Drop all candy
Drink 10-12 glasses of water a day (more depending on your activity level)
Do not drink any black tea or soda, ever.
Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits
Avoid all legumes (which you should be doing anyway). These also bind to calcium in the gut, which means that beneficial calcium is not able to prevent oxalates from forming.
Take a calcium citrate + magnesium supplement 2x/day, and make sure you're getting enough potassium. I recommend Citracal or a generic form. Print out a coupon from the site and pick up a bottle.
You don't have to limit high oxalate foods as long as you stay away from grains, sugars and get enough dietary calcium. Sorry, but milk doesn't cut it. It's also a poor form of calcium.
Since that first kidney stone I had in '00, I've had numerous UTI's (urinary tract infections), kidney infections, bladder infections, etc. Even hematuria, which is basically blood in the urine without sign of infection. Kidney stones can sit in the folds of your kidneys (calyces) for years, not moving or causing any real pain, just slowly accumulating oxalate build up and becoming larger. Strenuous activity can dislodge them, and that's when you feel the pain. The stones are what causes the blood in urine w/o infection, and this tends to stump most doctors. My most recent stone was in '09, and I'd kept having vague back pains & hematuria, until finally my GP referred me to a urologist who ordered a cystoscopy (where they stick a camera up your pee-hole). He'd seen evidence of recent stone passage (they leave little tears inside the urethra), so my GP ordered some CT scans done on me. Sure enough, there were two medium-sized stones, just chillin' in my right kidney. I had a lithotripsy which pulverized them, and after I'd peed out the grit I collected it and sent it to my urologist to have analyzed. Oxalate, big surprise! I actually took a picture of the blood I peed out after the procedure (they wanted to measure how much urine output to make sure my kidneys were functioning normally). It was pretty awesome.
Since I've gone Paleo, I haven't had a single UTI or stone since. My doc was abso-freaking-lutely thrilled when I came in for a check-up last December. "Hey, I haven't seen you in over a year! That's awesome!" lol
Excellent sources of potassium:
Bananas
Coconuts and coconut water
Limes and lemons
Fresh seafood (tuna, tilapia, halibut, cod, salmon & clams(
Avocados
Dates, raisins & figs
Melons (cantaloupe)
Chicken and pork
Nuts
Squash
Parsnips and carrots
Broccoli
Sweet potato
I'd also recommend buying a pack of urinary analysis sticks, so you can monitor your white blood cell count (indicating infection), red blood cells and protein levels in urine. A pack of 100ct costs about $15, and having those is what helped my and my doc figure out what the heck was going on with me.