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I search on PubMed for solanine and blueberry(ies), strawberries, okra, and artichokes and no results come up. I then search for potato or tomato and there's loads of links. Can someone here provide a credible link to research which confirms that these do indeed contain Solanine and that it is harmful in these foods as well? Why do Paleo authors not mention them when discussing nightshades? Is there any evidence that we are adapted to eating some quantity of it? I imagine Paleo man ate quite a lot of berries. I know I've seen on TV that at least Bears do.

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The solanine content has been bred way down over time and the total amount of glycoalkaloids consumed by a hunter-gatherer is likely much higher. I wouldn't worry about them. You'd be losing out on so much nutrition by avoiding them that it would be a net loss. – Travis Culp Dec 19 2011 at 22:19

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According to a review article published in 1998 by the National Toxicology Program of the US government's Department of Health and Human Services (reference below), solanine has been found in the following plants (not necessarily in the part we normally eat):

  • potato
  • apple
  • bell pepper
  • eggplant
  • sugar beet
  • tomatoes
  • Jerusalem cherries
  • bittersweet
  • black nightshade
  • ground cherries
  • Jimson weed

In addition, susumber berries (Solanum torvum) can contain solanine.

I can't find any scholarly book or paper that says solanine has been found in blueberries, strawberries, okra, or artichokes.

I imagine Paleo man ate quite a lot of berries.

Some berries are poisonous and some aren't. Some are nightshades, and some do contain solanine. In fact, solanine was first extracted from the berries of the European black nightshade (Solanum nigrum).

People have died from eating solanine in berries in modern times, and no doubt the same thing happened in paleo times as well.

Here's a case study of a girl who died in 1948 from solanine poisoning after eating nightshade berries. They were growing together with blackberries and she probably ate both kinds together:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2091497/?page=1

Reference:

Tice, R. a-Caconine [20562-03-2] and a-Solanine [20562-02-1]: Review of Toxicological Literature. National Institute of Health Sciences. 1998. http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/15334

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Awesome - thanks!! – balor123 Dec 20 2011 at 6:00
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I have seen that article before. However if you follow the references back for apples and sugar beet containing solanine the reference refers back to yet another reference that leads to a an unattainable old book. As there is no mention anywhere else about apples containing solanine this makes me suspicious of the fact. – Matt Dec 20 2011 at 13:02
I think it is also incorrect to state that tomatoes contain Solanine. Tomatoes contain Tomatine, a structurally related but different molecule. – Matt Dec 20 2011 at 13:27
I can't find any other references to apples or beets, so I agree with you that we should be skeptical on that basis. However I don't have access to the referenced 1991 article in Food Technology Magazine so I can't have an opinion on whether the ultimate citation is old or obscure. Regarding tomatoes, here's a good review article from 2002: ddr.nal.usda.gov/bitstream/10113/11181/1/… I don't know whether it's true that solanine never occurs in tomatoes (that's a hard claim to prove) but certainly tomatine, not solanine, is the main glycoalkaloid in tomatoes. – Rob from ketocure.com Dec 20 2011 at 15:07
As to : "not necessarily in the part we eat": how dumb is that? I don't eat apple trees, I eat apples!!! – CaveMan_Mike Feb 10 at 12:40
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I also have no idea where these "facts" come from. I have also looked in the past and found nothing.

I suspect someone in the past, somewhere on the internet, stated that blueberries strawberries, okra, and artichokes contain solanine. Then people repeat this without bothering to check its validity until it becomes widely stated and people assume it must be true.

I am prepared to be convinced if anyone can find any evidence of this.

It is not impossible as particular plant compounds are often widely found in the plant kingdom. However if solanine has ever been found in blueberries it is probably in such minute amounts that no one ever bothered to make a note of it again.

I also don't think that solanine in potatoes is a problem.

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Short of eating bitter, green potatoes with the peel, I can't imagine someone realistically having a problem. Probably experience greater problems from the lower potassium levels encountered as a result of their avoidance. Switching to sweet potatoes would likely just switch from one set of defensive compounds to another. – Travis Culp Dec 20 2011 at 2:00

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