The answer is... it depends, but you probably don't want to eat your PT's diet.
First off, the diet. This is a simple mass building diet, usually for guys (with the testosterone boost and all). You're not going to get the same muscle as a man without a lot of work. This breakdown is also not necessarily what the women eat (so you'll want to watch out for that).
The reason for the high carbs in the bodybuilder diet is multifold. 1) Replenish glycogen as fast as possible and 2) Spike insulin to get more nutrients into the muscle and repair it as fast as possible.
They're lifting a lot of weight to exhaustion, using weight progression (increasing the weight each exercise session) damaging the muscles with microtears, etc. It usually works fairly well for them. But they do gain a LOT of bodyfat as well as muscle. After they get to their goal, they go on a cutting diet to remove the fat (they don't stay at that 40/40/20 macro breakdown 100% of the time).
The impression I got from your post is that you just want better muscle/health, and aren't looking to become a bodybuilder. So you've got more leeway to work with in terms of exercising. What you usually see on the lower carb Paleo diet is slower recovery, as measured by being able to lift less weight overall in the next weightlifting session. Bodybuilders have a hard time doing those heavy lifting sessions 3+ times a week on low carb. You on the other hand could do 2 or 1 session a week with no problems. There's not really a rule of thumb here, you'll need to analyze things for yourself as you go along.
You need to track your weight lifting. Simplest thing, exercise, weight, # of reps. Multiply weight x reps to get an overall number for the exercise. Do your exercises to exhaustion, and compare sessions for the same muscle/exercise. If you have a hard time reaching/exceeding those numbers the next time at the gym, add more carbs afterwards. If not, you're good the way you're going.
